Indigenous Law Research Unit (ILRU)

Our Vision:

The Indigenous Law Research Unit (ILRU) is a dedicated research unit at the University of Victoria’s Faculty of Law committed to the recovery and renaissance of Indigenous laws. We believe Indigenous laws need to be taken seriously as laws. We partner with and support work by Indigenous peoples and communities to ascertain and articulate their own legal principles and processes, in order to effectively respond to today’s complex challenges.

The ILRU team develops and employs innovative methods for engaging with the full scope of Indigenous laws, including:

• Social (human to human, gender and equality, fairness, violence and vulnerability, and harms and injuries),
• Economic (Indigenous law and economies),
• Environmental (land, water, non-human life forms), and
• Political (governance, institution-building, inter-community and inter-societal relations, legitimacy and accountability).

We believe Indigenous legal research must be conducted with the highest standards of rigor and transparency. We want to recover Indigenous laws’ capacity to be publically applied, critically evaluated, openly debated, and adapted or changed as needed. We provide education, training, and ongoing guidance to communities and professionals engaging with Indigenous laws. We develop world-class theoretical and substantive Indigenous legal educational materials and academic resources. We bring together Indigenous law practitioners and diverse thinkers to share challenges and solutions, identify critical issues and advance best practices in accessing, understanding, and applying Indigenous laws today.

Our goal is to create sites of respectful dialogue and collaboration in order to reinvigorate communities of Indigenous legal practice locally and globally. Our vision is for Indigenous laws to be living and in use on the ground, and to be researched, taught and theorized about just as other great legal traditions of the world are. Revitalizing Indigenous laws, legal institutions, and their legal processes is essential to re-building healthy Indigenous citizenries in self-governing, lawful communities. Creating more respectful and symmetrical relationships across legal traditions is a necessary part of building and maintaining robust reconciliation within and between peoples, now and for future generations.

Scope of Work:

The Indigenous Law Research Unit (ILRU) collaborates and supports two major streams of Indigenous laws research:

How we Work:

The ILRU can collaborate and support communities in different ways according to each communities’ own goals and resources and our current capacity. We do our best to support all interested communities in whatever way is most suitable and possible.

Short Term/Contract Research:  There may be discrete issues or specific, time-limited projects where it might be useful for communities or groups to partner with or contract an academic partner. These may be a targeted report, paper, resource or event developed for the community partner or contractor, that may be adapted, subject to community review, to produce academic resources and publications.

Long Term/Major Research Projects:  These are major collaborative projects that run over a year or more and require intensive time and resources. These research projects produce a substantial body of work that is returned to the community partner for their use and application, and can be adapted, subject to community review, to produce academic resources and publications.

Training and Support:  Communities in the beginning stages of decision-making around how to approach an issue or are confident they have enough capacity and support to run their own Indigenous laws projects, may still access the ILRU for training and support. We offer two-day workshops or one-week intensive training sessions on critical issues and methodology suitable for community participants and students of all educational backgrounds. The ILRU team can offer ongoing support to communities running their own projects through advice, trouble-shooting, and useful case examples of particular academic resources.

To download Vision and Scope click here.

Current Projects

• Kipimoojikewin ("the things we carry with us"): How Anishinaabe Law Upholds Local Governance (2018-2019)
• Tsimshian Inter-nation Co-Operation and Dispute Resolution (2017-2018)
• kwseltkten: Secwepemc Citizenship Law (2017-2018)
• Water Laws: Lessons from Indigenous and Colonial Stewardship (2016-2019)
• Indigenous Governance and Citizenship: Developing a Collaborative ILRU Methodology (2017-2018)
• Indigenous Law in the Law School Curriculum
• Tracking Change - The Role of Local and Traditional Knowledge in Watershed Governance
• Revitalizing Law for Land, Air, and Water Project (2016-2018)

Workshops

• Rebuilding Indigenous Law workshop - July 2018 - Oslo, Norway
• Methodology Workshop - November 2017 - Cowichan Tribes
• Human Rights and Indigenous Legal Traditions - June 2017 - Canadian School Of Peacekeeping, Winnipeg, MB
• Methodology Workshop - June 5 & 6, 2017 - University of Victoria
• Summer Intensive Course - May 2017 - University of Victoria
• Methodology Workshop - January 2017 - Tl'tinqox, Tsilhqot'in Territory
• Methodology Workshop - July 2016 - Unviersity of Victoria
• Summer Intensive Course - May 2016 - University of Victoria
• Facilitator II Workshop - January 2016 - University of Victoria
• Methodology Workshop - December 2015 - University of Ottawa
• Methodology Workshop - May 2015 - University of Victoria
• Methodology Workshop - February 2015 - Kamloops, BC
• Methodology Workshop - 2014 - Funded by the Nature Conservatory of Canada
  
  • Mid-Coast First Nations Workshop - July 29-31 - Hakai
  • North Coast First Nations Workshop - November 25-27 - Prince Rupert, BC
• Methodology Workshop - September 2011 - Fort St. John, BC

Completed Projects

• North Coast Indigenous Land and Resources Research Project (2015-2017)
• Legitimus Legal Pluralism Research Project (2013-2018)
• Indigenous Laws for Resource Stewardship: A Gathering of Nations (2016)
• Gender Toolkit Project (2015-2016)
• Indigenous Law Videos on Demand (2014-2015)
• Matrimonial Real Property On-Reserve Dispute Resolution Toolkit (2015)
• Accessing Justice and Reconciliation Project (2012-2014)
• Coast Salish Civil Procedure Report (2013)

Indigenous Law Resources

• • Indigenous Law Video on Demand
    A series of short educational videos and discussion guides providing critically oriented introductions to important topics in the area of Indigenous law.
  • "What is Indigenous Law?"
  • Reconciliation Syllabus Blog
  • Video: BC Progress Summit (see also Broadbent Institute BC Summit page)
  • The Indigenous Law Research Unit's Methodology Explained by Hadley Friedland
  • Indigenous Law Research Case notes:
    • Heiltsuk law used to adjudicate the aftermath of a diesel spill
    • Human Rights in Indigenous (Gitxsan) Law
    • Hunting - In the matter of R v. Joseph Thomas and R v. Christopher Brown and Esquimalt and Ditidaht Nations
    • Mental Health and Indigenous Laws (Mikomosis and the Wetiko)
    • Water Law

Project Publications and Resources

• • Secwepemc Lands and Resources Law Project
    For this project, ILRU collaborated with the Shuswap Nation Tribal Council on a yearlong process to articulate Secwepemc laws relating to land and resources. The Final Report contains the integrated analysis, a casebook and a glossary of Secwépemctsín terms used in the analysis.  The casebook contains all of the stories reviewed and briefed for the project and a thematic index organizing the main issued analyzed in the stories. The team also produced a clear language Secwepemc Lands and Resources Law Summary of the legal principles and processes.
  • Gender Inside Indigenous Law Toolkit and Casebook
    • This toolkit and casebook are designed to provide facilitators in post-secondary, youth and community teaching positions with some basic background, lessons and activities to generate helpful and challenging discussion on the topic of Indigenous law and critical issues around gender. Includes the skirt short video to generate discussion about gender, clothing and identity.
  • Mikomosis & the Wetiko (graphic novel), Teaching Guide and video
  • On-Reserve Real Property Matrimonial Toolkit
     A toolkit designed to inform communities and individuals about dispute resolution options, major issues and important questions to consider when developing matrimonial real property laws, including the relevance and applicability of Indigenous legal traditions. 
  • Accessing Justice and Reconciliation (AJR)
    • For this project, ILRU worked with seven different communities in six different legal traditions on articulating their legal principles and processes addressing the resolution of inter and intra community harms. Project documents include:
    • Final AJR report
    • Accessing Justice and Reconciliation (AJR) photo story
    • Cree Legal Summary
    • The AJR project also supported the development of Mikimosis and the Wetiko, a graphic novel and accompanying teaching guide that explore Cree and Canadian legal approaches to danger, harm, and wrongdoing through the lens of a fictionalized historical event. 

Community Resources

These short guides, intended to be used together, help communities identify legal resources and knowledge holders within their own traditions:

Getting started - Assessing strengths

Community assessment

Analytical Frameworks

ILRU has developed, and continues to adapt, frameworks as tools to help organize and clarify the articulations of legal principles and processes that emerge in specific community research projects.  The two major frameworks that ILRU uses are:

• Environmental issues framework - used in research projects relating to questions of territory, resouces, and non-human relations.
• Human and social issues framework - used in research projects relating to questions of harm, governance, citizenship, and other issues of importance within and between human communities

Academic Resources

• • Ayook: Gitksan Legal Order, Law, and Legal Theory by Val Napoleon
  • Gathering the Threads: Developing a Methodology for Researching and Rebuilding Indigenous Legal Traditions by Hadley Friedland and Val Napoleon.
  • Gender and Violence: Drawing on Indigenous Legal Sources by Emily Snyder, Val Napoleon, and John Borrows
  • Indigenous Legal Traditions: Roots to Renaissance by Hadley Friedland and Val Napoleon
  • Reclaiming the Language of Law: the Contemporary Articulation and Application of Cree Legal Principles by Hadley Friedland
  • Reconciliation Syllabus Blog (This site is an invitation to law professors across Canada to gather together ideas about resources and pedagogies to support recommendation #28 of the TRC Calls to Action: the call for us to rethink both what and how we teach in our schools).
  • Reflective Frameworks: Methods for Understanding and Applying Indigenous Laws by Hadley Friedland
  • Special edition of the McGill Law Journal on Indigenous Law and Legal Pluralism: (2016) 61:4 McGill LJ 725
  • Tsilhqot'in Law of Consent by Val Napoleon
  • What is Indigenous Law? A Small Discussion by Val Napoleon

Talks and public presentations by Val Napoleon

Recent news:

• 2017 Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians Tribal Appellate Court case, cited Accessing Justice and Reconciliation: Anishinabek Legal Summary by Hannah Askew and Lindsay Borrows
• Rebuilding Indigenous Law workshop in Oslo, Norway

Media interviews:

Val Napoleon

• Indigenous legal orders Corporate Knights
• University of Victoria to offer world's first degree progam in Indigenous law CBC The Sunday Edition
• The Role of the Sacred in Indigenous Law and Reconciliation Soundcloud 
• Indigenous Law APTN Nation to Nation (starts at 10:05)
• New UVic program combines Indigenous & non-Indigenous law BC Local News/Black Press 
• First of its kind: UVic degree combines Indigenous, Canadian Law News 1130
• UVic law students to study Canadian and Indigenous legal systems in new program CBC News Online
• New program a 'new beginning' at UVic for Indigenous law studies Times Colonist
• Indigenous scholar Val Napoleon embraces disruption Globe & Mail
• Inquiry into missing and murdered women must not ignore Indigenous law, advocates say Toronto Star
• Val Napoleon talks historic law and nations APTN Face to Face
• UVic proposes joint indigenous-Canadian common law degree Globe and Mail
• Saulteau scholar recognized for impact on Indigenous law Dawson Daily Mirror
• McGill course teaches law students Indigenous legal traditions CBC News Online
• For true reconciliation, First Nations laws must be used: scholar Times Colonist
• Specific claims process to be overhauled again APTN Nation to Nation (starts at 12:20)
• Video: Principles & Commitments: Understanding & Underpinning a Restorative Approach to JusticeNational Restorative Justice Symposium

Dr. Rebecca Johnson, Associate Director

• What lessons have we learned from the Colten Boushie & Tina Fontaine cases CHEK News Sunday Spotlight

Simon Owen, Senior Researcher

• Sioux Bulletin:"Presentation on Indigenous law illustrates its complexity"

Spencer Greening

• Burns Lake District News: "Former Burns Lake resident helps protect First Nations’ cultural properties."
• CBC Radio: How an Indigenous academic is harvesting local knowledge to fight for land sovereignty

Veronica Martisius, Former ILRU Co-Op Student

• Bannock, a Graphic Novel & Conversation: Re-framing Justice Using the Teachings from “Mikomosis and the Wetiko" ReconciliationSyllabus

Dr. Val Napoleon's Raven series greeting cards are available at the UVic Bookstore! All proceeds go towards supporting the unit's research initiatives.

Dr. Val Napoleon
Director
Law Foundation Chair of Aboriginal Justice and Governance
Faculty of Law, University of Victoria

Jessica Asch, B.A. (Political Science), LL.B.
Lawyer and Research Director
Faculty of Law, University of Victoria
jessasch@uvic.ca (250-721-8178)

Simon Owen, LL.B., LL.M.
Lawyer and Senior Researcher
Faculty of Law, University of Victoria
simono@uvic.ca (250-721-6140)

Lindsay Borrows, B.A (Native American Studies, Linguistics), J.D.
Lawyer and Staff Researcher
Faculty of Law, University of Victoria
keegitah@uvic.ca

Phone: 250-721-8914

Email: ilru@uvic.ca

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We love questions and connections!

Please contact us if you would like to inquire about partnering with ILRU, hiring ILRU for a workshop or for any additional information.